# sources

title: nti.org: The iaeas safeguards system as the non proliferation treatys verification mechanism
node_name: IAEA Material Accountancy System
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/the-iaeas-safeguards-system-as-the-non-proliferation-treatys-verification-mechanism/


title: chathamhouse.org: 20150512DisarmamentPoliticsNPTHarries
node_name: NPT Three-Pillar Grand Bargain
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/field/field_document/20150512DisarmamentPoliticsNPTHarries.pdf


node_name: Dual-Use Intangibility Governance Failure
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://opiniojuris.org/2024/04/03/symposium-on-military-ai-and-the-law-of-armed-conflict-navigating-the-governance-of-dual-use-artificial-intelligence-technologies-in-times-of-geopolitical-rivalries/

title:
opiniojuris.org: Symposium on military ai and the law of armed conflict navigating the governance of dual use artificial intelligence technologies in times of geopolitical rivalries


title: npolicy.org: The little known loophole in the nuclear nonproliferation treaty the national interest
node_name: NPT Article X Withdrawal Sovereignty Trap
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://npolicy.org/the-little-known-loophole-in-the-nuclear-nonproliferation-treaty-the-national-interest/


title: frstrategie.org: Withdrawing npt legal and strategic considerations 2023
node_name: NPT Article X Withdrawal Sovereignty Trap
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.frstrategie.org/en/publications/notes/withdrawing-npt-legal-and-strategic-considerations-2023


title: thebulletin.org: The biological weapons convention proceeding without a verification protocol
node_name: BWC Verification Protocol Collapse
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://thebulletin.org/2011/05/the-biological-weapons-convention-proceeding-without-a-verification-protocol/


node_name: CTBT International Monitoring System
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://theconversation.com/north-korea-tests-not-just-a-bomb-but-the-global-nuclear-monitoring-system-83715

title:
theconversation.com: North korea tests not just a bomb but the global nuclear monitoring system 83715


node_name: Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Model
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.americansecurityproject.org/fact-sheet-the-nunn-lugar-cooperative-threat-reduction-program-securing-and-safeguarding-weapons-of-mass-destruction/

title:
americansecurityproject.org: Fact sheet the nunn lugar cooperative threat reduction program securing and safeguarding weapons of mass destruction


title: csis.org: Understanding us allies current legal authority implement ai and semiconductor export
node_name: Wassenaar Export Control Club Failure Mode
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.csis.org/analysis/understanding-us-allies-current-legal-authority-implement-ai-and-semiconductor-export


title: csis.org: Ai safety institute international network next steps and recommendations
node_name: AISI International Network Proto-IAEA
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.csis.org/analysis/ai-safety-institute-international-network-next-steps-and-recommendations


title: Brookings: The bletchley park process could be a building block for global cooperation on ai safety
node_name: AISI International Network Proto-IAEA
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-bletchley-park-process-could-be-a-building-block-for-global-cooperation-on-ai-safety/


node_name: Paris AI Safety Summit Defection
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://techcrunch.com/2025/02/11/as-us-and-uk-refuse-to-sign-ai-action-summit-statement-countries-fail-to-agree-on-the-basics/

title:
techcrunch.com: As us and uk refuse to sign ai action summit statement countries fail to agree on the basics


title: aljazeera.com: Paris ai summit why wont us uk sign global artificial intelligence pact
node_name: Paris AI Safety Summit Defection
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/12/paris-ai-summit-why-wont-us-uk-sign-global-artificial-intelligence-pact


node_name: NSG Supplier Club Governance Model
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://carnegieendowment.org/posts/2018/02/eyes-on-the-prize-indias-pursuit-of-membership-in-the-nuclear-suppliers-group

title:
carnegieendowment.org: Eyes on the prize indias pursuit of membership in the nuclear suppliers group


title: aiweekly.co: What mechanistic interpretability how researchers are opening ais black box
node_name: Mechanistic Interpretability as Verification Technology
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://aiweekly.co/learning-ai/ai-safety/what-mechanistic-interpretability-how-researchers-are-opening-ais-black-box


title: researchgate.net: 393985754 Bridging the Black Box A Survey on Mechanistic Interpretability in AI
node_name: Mechanistic Interpretability as Verification Technology
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393985754_Bridging_the_Black_Box_A_Survey_on_Mechanistic_Interpretability_in_AI


title: opcw.org: Opcw confirms all declared chemical weapons stockpiles verified
node_name: OPCW Declared-Undeclared Stockpile Bifurcation
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2023/07/opcw-confirms-all-declared-chemical-weapons-stockpiles-verified


title: obamawhitehouse.archives.gov: Fact sheet nuclear security summits securing world nuclear terrorism
node_name: Nuclear Security Summit Forum Diplomacy Model
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/03/29/fact-sheet-nuclear-security-summits-securing-world-nuclear-terrorism/


title: carnegieendowment.org: Envisioning a global regime complex to govern artificial intelligence
node_name: AI Governance Regime Complex Fragmentation
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/03/envisioning-a-global-regime-complex-to-govern-artificial-intelligence


title: belfercenter.org: Controlling absolute weapon delegation legitimacy and authority iaea
node_name: IAEA Funder-Monitored Paradox Resolution
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/controlling-absolute-weapon-delegation-legitimacy-and-authority-iaea


title: world-nuclear.org: Safeguards to prevent nuclear proliferation
node_name: IAEA Material Accountancy Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/non-proliferation/safeguards-to-prevent-nuclear-proliferation


title: opcw.org: Verification regime chemical weapons convention overview
node_name: CWC Tiered Risk Scheduling
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2008/11/verification-regime-chemical-weapons-convention-overview


title: ndcpartnership.org: Multilateral fund implementation montreal protocol
node_name: Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund Equity Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://ndcpartnership.org/knowledge-portal/climate-funds-explorer/multilateral-fund-implementation-montreal-protocol


node_name: Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund Equity Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://iifiir.org/en/news/why-the-montreal-protocol-is-the-most-successful-environmental-treaty-40-years-of-global-impact

title:
iifiir.org: Why the montreal protocol is the most successful environmental treaty 40 years of global impact


node_name: Brussels Effect AI Safety Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://markets.financialcontent.com/wral/article/tokenring-2026-1-9-the-brussels-effect-in-action-eu-ai-act-enforcement-targets-x-and-meta-as-global-standards-solidify

title:
markets.financialcontent.com: Tokenring 2026 1 9 the brussels effect in action eu ai act enforcement targets x and meta as global standards solidify


title: chicagounbound.uchicago.edu: Viewcontent
node_name: Montreal Protocol Compliance-Assistance Architecture
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1194&context=public_law_and_legal_theory


title: washingtoninstitute.org: Iranian nuclear breakout what it and how calculate it
node_name: Breakout Time as Governance Proxy
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/iranian-nuclear-breakout-what-it-and-how-calculate-it


node_name: NPT Article IV Enrichment Loophole
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://npolicy.org/the-npt-iaea-safeguards-and-peaceful-nuclear-energy-an-inalienable-right-but-precisely-to-what/

title:
npolicy.org: The npt iaea safeguards and peaceful nuclear energy an inalienable right but precisely to what


title: disarmamenteducation.org: Required Fact Sheet 7 Schedule of chemicals
node_name: OPCW Chemical Schedule Graduated Control
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.disarmamenteducation.org/dashboard/media/modules/120/required_Fact_Sheet_7_-_Schedule_of_chemicals.pdf


title: unep.org: Rebuilding ozone layer how world came together ultimate repair job
node_name: Governance Triggering Event Acceleration Pattern
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/rebuilding-ozone-layer-how-world-came-together-ultimate-repair-job


node_name: Industry Incumbent Strategic Alignment Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://rapidtransition.org/stories/back-from-the-brink-how-the-world-rapidly-sealed-a-deal-to-save-the-ozone-layer/

title:
rapidtransition.org: Back from the brink how the world rapidly sealed a deal to save the ozone layer


title: keia.org: How the war in iran reshapes south korea and japans nuclear strategy
node_name: Nuclear Latency Tolerance Norm
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://keia.org/the-peninsula/how-the-war-in-iran-reshapes-south-korea-and-japans-nuclear-strategy/


node_name: Wassenaar Arrangement Consensus Paralysis
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.sipri.org/commentary/topical-backgrounder/2026/regulating-transfers-ai-algorithms-training-data-and-models-potential-and-limitations-export

title:
sipri.org: Regulating transfers ai algorithms training data and models potential and limitations export


node_name: Wassenaar Arrangement Consensus Paralysis
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392403037_The_Wassenaar_Arrangement_and_the_Classification_of_AI_as_Dual-Use_Technology

title:
researchgate.net: 392403037 The Wassenaar Arrangement and the Classification of AI as Dual Use Technology


title: theconversation.com: What north korea learned from libyas decision to give up nuclear weapons 95674
node_name: Nuclear Disarmament-Regime Survival Correlation
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://theconversation.com/what-north-korea-learned-from-libyas-decision-to-give-up-nuclear-weapons-95674


title: globalzero.org: From salt to start a timeline of u s russia arms control talks
node_name: Arms Control CBM Escalation Ladder
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.globalzero.org/updates/from-salt-to-start-a-timeline-of-u-s-russia-arms-control-talks/index.html


title: china-cee.eu: The global governance of artificial intelligence progress challenges and chinas role
node_name: China WAICO Institutional Sovereignty Bid
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://china-cee.eu/2026/02/12/the-global-governance-of-artificial-intelligence-progress-challenges-and-chinas-role/


title: courses.seas.harvard.edu: Greenpeace on DuPont
node_name: Montreal Protocol Industry Realignment Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://courses.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/EPS281r/Sources/Ozone-hole/more/Greenpeace-on-DuPont.pdf


title: clingendael.org: Clingendael Report Chemical Weapons Challenges Ahead 2017
node_name: CWC Challenge Inspection Deterrence Trap
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2017-10/Clingendael_Report_Chemical_Weapons_Challenges_Ahead_2017.pdf


title: armscontrol.org: Us may request chemical weapons convention inspections
node_name: CWC Challenge Inspection Deterrence Trap
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2002-03/press-releases/us-may-request-chemical-weapons-convention-inspections


title: opcw.org: Part x challenge inspections pursuant
node_name: CWC Challenge Inspection Deterrence Trap
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/annexes/verification-annex/part-x-challenge-inspections-pursuant


node_name: AISI Network Embryonic Architecture
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/global-leaders-agree-to-launch-first-international-network-of-ai-safety-institutes-to-boost-understanding-of-ai

title:
gov.uk: Global leaders agree to launch first international network of ai safety institutes to boost understanding of ai


title: nist.gov: Fact sheet us department commerce us department state launch international
node_name: AISI Network Embryonic Architecture
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/11/fact-sheet-us-department-commerce-us-department-state-launch-international


title: convergenceanalysis.org: Ai model registries a foundational tool for ai governance
node_name: Compute Hardware Chokepoint Governance
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.convergenceanalysis.org/research/ai-model-registries-a-foundational-tool-for-ai-governance


title: ai-frontiers.org: Nuclear non proliferation is the wrong framework for ai governance
node_name: Governance Regime Breakout Time Window
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://ai-frontiers.org/articles/nuclear-non-proliferation-is-the-wrong-framework-for-ai-governance


title: nti.org: Comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty ctbt
node_name: CTBT IMS Passive Signature Monitoring
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.nti.org/education-center/treaties-and-regimes/comprehensive-nuclear-test-ban-treaty-ctbt/


title: cambridge.org: EA04E0104A42C12FC785A70F301197CC
node_name: Nuclear Taboo Self-Publicizing Norm Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/nuclear-taboo-the-united-states-and-the-normative-basis-of-nuclear-nonuse/EA04E0104A42C12FC785A70F301197CC


node_name: Wassenaar Arrangement Consensus-Veto Paralysis
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://exportcompliancedaily.com/article/2024/05/31/eu-pursuing-new-law-to-adopt-wassenaar-controls-vetoed-by-russia-2405300063

title:
exportcompliancedaily.com: Eu pursuing new law to adopt wassenaar controls vetoed by russia 2405300063


title: Brookings: The eu ai act will have global impact but a limited brussels effect
node_name: EU Brussels Effect AI Governance
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-eu-ai-act-will-have-global-impact-but-a-limited-brussels-effect/


title: justsecurity.org: The sixth united nations gge and international law in cyberspace
node_name: UN GGE Cyber Norm Cascade Failure
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.justsecurity.org/76864/the-sixth-united-nations-gge-and-international-law-in-cyberspace/


title: carnegieendowment.org: The un struggles to make progress on securing cyberspace
node_name: UN GGE Cyber Norm Cascade Failure
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2021/05/the-un-struggles-to-make-progress-on-securing-cyberspace


node_name: ICAO Market-Access Aviation Safety Compliance
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387892127_Enhancing_the_Enforcement_Powers_of_ICAO_in_Aviation_Safety_and_Security

title:
researchgate.net: 387892127 Enhancing the Enforcement Powers of ICAO in Aviation Safety and Security


node_name: Mechanistic Interpretability as Verification Infrastructure
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.technologyreview.com/2026/01/12/1130003/mechanistic-interpretability-ai-research-models-2026-breakthrough-technologies/

title:
technologyreview.com: Mechanistic interpretability ai research models 2026 breakthrough technologies


title: cset.georgetown.edu: Nuclear non proliferation is the wrong framework for ai governance
node_name: AI Governance Peaceful-Use Legitimacy Gap
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://cset.georgetown.edu/article/nuclear-non-proliferation-is-the-wrong-framework-for-ai-governance/


title: atlanticcouncil.org: Reading between the lines of the dueling us and chinese ai action plans
node_name: China BRICS Global South AI Counter-Architecture
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/reading-between-the-lines-of-the-dueling-us-and-chinese-ai-action-plans/


title: labs.cloudsecurityalliance.org: Csa research note agentic ai governance cisa nist caisi 2026
node_name: Structured Access Enclave Verification Architecture
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://labs.cloudsecurityalliance.org/research/csa-research-note-agentic-ai-governance-cisa-nist-caisi-2026/


title: cambridge.org: 662D02FE6D79F1041ACEA5614E7E4442
node_name: Convention on Nuclear Safety Peer-Review Trap
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/asian-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/revisiting-the-convention-on-nuclear-safety-lessons-learned-from-the-fukushima-accident/662D02FE6D79F1041ACEA5614E7E4442


node_name: AI Training Energy Signature Verification
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.iea.org/news/data-centre-electricity-use-surged-in-2025-even-with-tightening-bottlenecks-driving-a-scramble-for-solutions

title:
iea.org: Data centre electricity use surged in 2025 even with tightening bottlenecks driving a scramble for solutions


title: stimson.org: The remarkable story of the montreal protocol with lessons for cyberspace
node_name: Montreal Protocol Substitutability Condition
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.stimson.org/2024/the-remarkable-story-of-the-montreal-protocol-with-lessons-for-cyberspace/


title: sciencediplomacy.org: Learning success lessons in science and diplomacy montreal protocol
node_name: Montreal Protocol Substitutability Condition
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2020/learning-success-lessons-in-science-and-diplomacy-montreal-protocol


node_name: AI Dual-Use Verification Impossibility
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://simoninstitute.ch/blog/post/mapping-iaea-verification-tools-to-international-ai-governance-a-mechanism-by-mechanism-analysis

title:
simoninstitute.ch: Mapping iaea verification tools to international ai governance a mechanism by mechanism analysis


node_name: CWC Challenge Inspection Paralysis Mechanism
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320365248_Challenge_inspections_under_the_Chemical_Weapons_Convention_between_ideal_and_reality

title:
researchgate.net: 320365248 Challenge inspections under the Chemical Weapons Convention between ideal and reality


title: washingtoninstitute.org: Good deal iran requirements preventing future nuclear breakout
node_name: JCPOA Breakout Time Governance Principle
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/good-deal-iran-requirements-preventing-future-nuclear-breakout


title: ejiltalk.org: The first report of the opcws investigation and identification team on syria
node_name: OPCW IIT UNSC-Veto Routing Architecture
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-first-report-of-the-opcws-investigation-and-identification-team-on-syria/


title: sciencehistory.org: Atoms for peace the mixed legacy of eisenhowers nuclear gambit
node_name: Atoms for Peace Article IV Proliferation Backfire
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/atoms-for-peace-the-mixed-legacy-of-eisenhowers-nuclear-gambit/


title: ipdefenseforum.com: U s china seek direct military communications to deconflict and de escalate
node_name: US-China AI Crisis Communication Vacuum
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://ipdefenseforum.com/2025/11/u-s-china-seek-direct-military-communications-to-deconflict-and-de-escalate/


title: governance.ai: Structured access for third party research on frontier ai models
node_name: Structured Access AI Governance Model
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.governance.ai/research-paper/structured-access-for-third-party-research-on-frontier-ai-models


title: rusi.org: Developing framework secure third party access frontier ai
node_name: Structured Access AI Governance Model
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/research-papers/developing-framework-secure-third-party-access-frontier-ai


title: armscontrol.org: Revised us proposal india specific exemption nuclear suppliers group inadequate
node_name: NSG India Waiver Governance Exception Precedent
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.armscontrol.org/pressroom/2008-09/revised-us-proposal-india-specific-exemption-nuclear-suppliers-group-inadequate


title: hir.harvard.edu: The asilomar conference and contemporary ai controversies lessons in regulation
node_name: Asilomar Self-Governance Structural Preconditions
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://hir.harvard.edu/the-asilomar-conference-and-contemporary-ai-controversies-lessons-in-regulation/


title: Science: Fifty years after asilomar scientists meet again debate biotech s modern day threats
node_name: Asilomar Self-Governance Structural Preconditions
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.science.org/content/article/fifty-years-after-asilomar-scientists-meet-again-debate-biotech-s-modern-day-threats


title: coe.int: The framework convention on artificial intelligence
node_name: Council of Europe AI Framework Convention
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/the-framework-convention-on-artificial-intelligence


title: burges-salmon.com: Council of europe convention on ai uk us eu sign first legally binding ai fram
node_name: Council of Europe AI Framework Convention
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.burges-salmon.com/articles/102jn4q/council-of-europe-convention-on-ai-uk-us-eu-sign-first-legally-binding-ai-fram/


title: chathamhouse.org: 02 barriers global ai governance
node_name: Pre-Existential Risk Governance Paradox
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.chathamhouse.org/2026/03/breaking-deadlock-ai-governance/02-barriers-global-ai-governance


title: thebulletin.org
node_name: BWC Pharma-IP Verification Veto
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://thebulletin.org/2024/03/how-the-biological-weapons-convention-could-verify-treaty-compliance/amp


title: cambridge.org: 4DD3C7B8132B8BD6E8A442694D29DF27
node_name: Nuclear Taboo Normative Architecture
created_at: 2026-05-22 13:42:40
url:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/nuclear-shibboleths-the-logics-and-future-of-nuclear-nonuse/4DD3C7B8132B8BD6E8A442694D29DF27


