# sources

title: Bloomberg: Pboc pushes yuan borrowing abroad to internationalize currency
node_name: China Capital Controls Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-11/pboc-pushes-yuan-borrowing-abroad-to-internationalize-currency


node_name: mBridge Multi-CBDC Platform
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.tradingview.com/news/cointelegraph:9c2c921fc094b:0-china-led-cbdc-project-mbridge-tops-55b-in-cross-border-payments/

title:
tradingview.com: Cointelegraph:9c2c921fc094b:0 china led cbdc project mbridge tops 55b in cross border payments


title: devex.com: How the new development bank built a multibillion dollar portfolio 110742
node_name: New Development Bank
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.devex.com/news/how-the-new-development-bank-built-a-multibillion-dollar-portfolio-110742


title: Bloomberg: India says no decision taken on brics plan that rattled trump
node_name: Trump BRICS Tariff Threat
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-06/india-says-no-decision-taken-on-brics-plan-that-rattled-trump


title: backend-live-coc.cfr.org: Brics summit 2024 expanding alternative
node_name: Kazan 2024 BRICS Expansion
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://backend-live-coc.cfr.org/councilofcouncils/global-memos/brics-summit-2024-expanding-alternative


node_name: BRICS Local Currency Settlement Shift
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://internationalbanker.com/finance/can-brics-pay-eventually-succeed-in-challenging-the-wests-global-financial-hegemony/

title:
internationalbanker.com: Can brics pay eventually succeed in challenging the wests global financial hegemony


title: middleeastmonitor.com: 20250403 25 countries join russias payment system as an alternative to swift
node_name: Russia SPFS Sanctioned Alternative
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250403-25-countries-join-russias-payment-system-as-an-alternative-to-swift/


title: theconversation.com: Can countries replace swift evidence from russia suggests not easily 278944
node_name: Russia SPFS Sanctioned Alternative
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://theconversation.com/can-countries-replace-swift-evidence-from-russia-suggests-not-easily-278944


node_name: CRA IMF Dependency Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://jusmundi.com/en/document/publication/en-the-brics-contingent-reserve-arrangement-a-subversive-power-against-the-imfs-conditionality

title:
jusmundi.com: En the brics contingent reserve arrangement a subversive power against the imfs conditionality


title: moderndiplomacy.eu: The petroyuan is born saudia arabia joins the mbridge cbdc transfer system
node_name: Petroyuan Saudi Pivot
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2024/06/20/the-petroyuan-is-born-saudia-arabia-joins-the-mbridge-cbdc-transfer-system/


title: spglobal.com: Saudi china ties and renminbi based oil trade
node_name: Petroyuan Saudi Pivot
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.spglobal.com/en/research-insights/special-reports/saudi-china-ties-and-renminbi-based-oil-trade


title: Bloomberg: China banks tighten curbs on russia after us sanctions order
node_name: US Secondary Sanctions Chokepoint
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-16/china-banks-tighten-curbs-on-russia-after-us-sanctions-order


title: hklaw.com: Ofac expands secondary sanctions targeting ffis transacting
node_name: US Secondary Sanctions Chokepoint
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2024/06/ofac-expands-secondary-sanctions-targeting-ffis-transacting


title: roape.net: Debt and austerity the imfs legacy of structural violence in the global south
node_name: Global South Dollar Debt Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://roape.net/2025/01/08/debt-and-austerity-the-imfs-legacy-of-structural-violence-in-the-global-south/


title: IMF: Sectoral debt and global dollar cycles in developing economies 544447
node_name: Global South Dollar Debt Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/16/sectoral-debt-and-global-dollar-cycles-in-developing-economies-544447


title: orfonline.org: Breaking the trap debt dynamics and sustainable finance in the global south
node_name: Global South Dollar Debt Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.orfonline.org/research/breaking-the-trap-debt-dynamics-and-sustainable-finance-in-the-global-south


title: globalpolicyjournal.com: Global south brink disastrous debt crisis reform urgent
node_name: Global South Dollar Debt Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/18/12/2024/global-south-brink-disastrous-debt-crisis-reform-urgent


title: aljazeera.com: Exorbitant privilege can the us dollar maintain its global dominance
node_name: Triffin Dilemma Dollar Privilege-Burden
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2025/7/30/exorbitant-privilege-can-the-us-dollar-maintain-its-global-dominance


title: agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br: Lula brics keep exploring dollar alternatives
node_name: Brazil BRICS Chair Dollar Contradiction
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2025-07/lula-brics-keep-exploring-dollar-alternatives


title: eastasiaforum.org: Mar a lago accord spells uncertainty for the global financial system
node_name: Mar-a-Lago Accord Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://eastasiaforum.org/2025/07/01/mar-a-lago-accord-spells-uncertainty-for-the-global-financial-system/


title: europeanbusinessmagazine.com: The worlds central banks have quietly stopped trusting americas debt
node_name: US Treasury Repo Collateral Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://europeanbusinessmagazine.com/business/the-worlds-central-banks-have-quietly-stopped-trusting-americas-debt/


title: euronews.com: Why are us treasury bonds losing their safe haven status in dramatic sell off
node_name: US Treasury Repo Collateral Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.euronews.com/business/2025/04/09/why-are-us-treasury-bonds-losing-their-safe-haven-status-in-dramatic-sell-off


node_name: US Treasury Repo Collateral Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://fortune.com/2025/06/18/central-banks-have-dumped-48-billion-in-treasuries-as-foreign-wealth-officials-divorce-the-dollar/

title:
fortune.com: Central banks have dumped 48 billion in treasuries as foreign wealth officials divorce the dollar


title: cepa.org: Transatlantic action sanctioning third country enablers of russias war economy
node_name: Russia Crypto-Hawala Shadow Channel
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://cepa.org/comprehensive-reports/transatlantic-action-sanctioning-third-country-enablers-of-russias-war-economy/


title: atlanticcouncil.org: Internationalization of the renmibi via bilateral swap lines
node_name: PBOC Yuan Swap Lines Network
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/econographics/internationalization-of-the-renmibi-via-bilateral-swap-lines/


title: Federal Reserve: Internationalization of the chinese renminbi progress and outlook 20240830
node_name: PBOC Yuan Swap Lines Network
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/internationalization-of-the-chinese-renminbi-progress-and-outlook-20240830.html


title: bbvaresearch.com: Riding the waves Stocktaking RMB Internationalization Development edi
node_name: PBOC Yuan Swap Lines Network
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Riding-the-waves-Stocktaking-RMB-Internationalization-Development_edi.pdf


title: lawfaremedia.org: The programmable state the e cny and china s quest for smarter surveillance
node_name: e-CNY Surveillance Architecture
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-programmable-state--the-e-cny-and-china-s-quest-for-smarter-surveillance


title: jsm.com: China unveils new framework for digital yuan e cny operations and ecosystem
node_name: e-CNY Surveillance Architecture
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.jsm.com/publications/2026/china-unveils-new-framework-for-digital-yuan-e-cny-operations-and-ecosystem/


title: bourseandbazaar.org: Instex shuts down in a loss for european economic sovereignty
node_name: INSTEX Corporate Self-Censorship Effect
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bourseandbazaar.org/articles/2023/2/2/instex-shuts-down-in-a-loss-for-european-economic-sovereignty


title: sevenpillarsinstitute.org: Evaluating Yuan Inclusion in the IMF SDR Basket EDITED
node_name: SDR Yuan Inclusion Decoupling
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://sevenpillarsinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Evaluating-Yuan-Inclusion-in-the-IMF-SDR-Basket-EDITED.pdf


title: IMF: Am16 na093016imf adds chinese renminbi to special drawing rights basket
node_name: SDR Yuan Inclusion Decoupling
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2016/09/29/am16-na093016imf-adds-chinese-renminbi-to-special-drawing-rights-basket


title: blogs.law.ox.ac.uk: Sovereign debt restructuring zambia chinese approach
node_name: G20 Common Framework Creditor Fragmentation
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/oblb/blog-post/2025/10/sovereign-debt-restructuring-zambia-chinese-approach


title: cgdev.org: China and common framework understanding motives behind debt relief provision low
node_name: G20 Common Framework Creditor Fragmentation
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/china-and-common-framework-understanding-motives-behind-debt-relief-provision-low.pdf


node_name: G20 Common Framework Creditor Fragmentation
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://odi.org/en/insights/common-framework-uncommon-challenges-lessons-from-the-post-covid-debt-restructuring-architecture/

title:
odi.org: Common framework uncommon challenges lessons from the post covid debt restructuring architecture


title: adf-magazine.com: As chinese debt comes due african nations struggle with repayments
node_name: BRI Yuan Debt Internationalization Tactic
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://adf-magazine.com/2024/02/as-chinese-debt-comes-due-african-nations-struggle-with-repayments/


title: cambridge.org: B36ED9082CECE54F3F5B8E8F40D15148
node_name: Eurodollar Offshore Credit System
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-institutional-economics/article/evolution-of-the-offshore-usdollar-system-past-present-and-four-possible-futures/B36ED9082CECE54F3F5B8E8F40D15148


title: pymnts.com: Trumps executive order aligns stablecoins with maintenance of dollar supremacy
node_name: USD Stablecoin Dollar Hegemony Extension
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.pymnts.com/cryptocurrency/2025/trumps-executive-order-aligns-stablecoins-with-maintenance-of-dollar-supremacy/


title: Bloomberg: Russia s rupee trap is adding to 147 billion hoard abroad
node_name: India-Russia Rupee Illiquid Surplus Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-01/russia-s-rupee-trap-is-adding-to-147-billion-hoard-abroad


node_name: India-Russia Rupee Illiquid Surplus Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/less-than-5-of-payments-for-russian-crude-oil-made-in-inr-finfluencer-explains-indias-dilemma-491411-2025-08-28

title:
businesstoday.in: Less than 5 of payments for russian crude oil made in inr finfluencer explains indias dilemma 491411 2025 08 28


title: schroders.com: The dollar smile theory what is it and is it still valid in the new market regime
node_name: Dollar Smile Safe-Haven Loop
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.schroders.com/en-us/us/institutional/insights/the-dollar-smile-theory-what-is-it-and-is-it-still-valid-in-the-new-market-regime/


title: am.jpmorgan.com: Pm perspectives the evolution of the dollar smile
node_name: Dollar Smile Safe-Haven Loop
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://am.jpmorgan.com/se/en/asset-management/adv/insights/portfolio-insights/pm-perspectives/fixed-income/pm-perspectives-the-evolution-of-the-dollar-smile/


title: fairobserver.com: The us dollar and the evolving dollar smile a structural reassessment
node_name: Dollar Smile Safe-Haven Loop
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.fairobserver.com/economics/the-us-dollar-and-the-evolving-dollar-smile-a-structural-reassessment/


node_name: G7 ERA Sovereign Asset Confiscation Escalation
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-disburses-first-eu3-billion-ukraine-its-part-g7-loan-be-repaid-proceeds-immobilised-2025-01-10_en

title:
enlargement.ec.europa.eu: Commission disburses first eu3 billion ukraine its part g7 loan be repaid proceeds immobilised 2025 01 10 en


node_name: Russia China Junior-Senior Partner Energy Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2026/03/20/russias-oil-discounts-to-china-cost-billions-despite-price-surge-study-finds-a92291

title:
themoscowtimes.com: Russias oil discounts to china cost billions despite price surge study finds a92291


title: cepa.org: The implications for global governance of china and russias post 2022 alignment
node_name: Russia China Junior-Senior Partner Energy Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://cepa.org/comprehensive-reports/the-implications-for-global-governance-of-china-and-russias-post-2022-alignment/


title: lowyinstitute.org: China s yuan challenge navigating us dollar dominated global economy
node_name: Commodity Dollar Complex Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/china-s-yuan-challenge-navigating-us-dollar-dominated-global-economy


title: omfif.org: Ndb begins new journey after selling first bond since russia ukraine conflict
node_name: NDB Western Capital Dependency Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.omfif.org/2023/04/ndb-begins-new-journey-after-selling-first-bond-since-russia-ukraine-conflict/


title: devex.com: Brics led development bank takes credit ratings hit over russia links 103674
node_name: NDB Western Capital Dependency Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.devex.com/news/brics-led-development-bank-takes-credit-ratings-hit-over-russia-links-103674


title: globalpanorama.org: The new development bank as a vehicle of hegemonic contestation
node_name: NDB Western Capital Dependency Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.globalpanorama.org/en/2025/10/the-new-development-bank-as-a-vehicle-of-hegemonic-contestation/


node_name: BRI Debt-Dollar Feedback Loop
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2024/04/18/de-dollarization-the-belt-and-road-initiative-and-the-future-of-the-chinese-yuan/

title:
gjia.georgetown.edu: De dollarization the belt and road initiative and the future of the chinese yuan


title: hks.harvard.edu: Ghana case study sovereign debt restructuring under g20 common framework
node_name: G20 Common Framework Creditor Standoff
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/mrcbg/publications/ghana-case-study-sovereign-debt-restructuring-under-g20-common-framework


title: african.business: Africa resolves to reform g20 debt framework at major gathering
node_name: G20 Common Framework Creditor Standoff
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://african.business/2025/05/finance-services/africa-resolves-to-reform-g20-debt-framework-at-major-gathering


title: foreignpolicy.com: Turkey brics application summit erdogan gaza ukraine nonalignment
node_name: Turkey BRICS-NATO Leverage Extraction
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/10/23/turkey-brics-application-summit-erdogan-gaza-ukraine-nonalignment/


title: rusi.org: Turkey brics and erdogans global aspirations
node_name: Turkey BRICS-NATO Leverage Extraction
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/turkey-brics-and-erdogans-global-aspirations


title: atlanticcouncil.org: Sanctioning china in a taiwan crisis scenarios and risks
node_name: Taiwan Strait Financial Flashpoint
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/sanctioning-china-in-a-taiwan-crisis-scenarios-and-risks/


title: rhg.com: Sanctioning China in a Taiwan Crisis Scenarios and Risks 1
node_name: Taiwan Strait Financial Flashpoint
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://rhg.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sanctioning-China-in-a-Taiwan-Crisis-Scenarios-and-Risks-1.pdf


title: csis.org: Scared strait understanding economic and financial impacts taiwan crisis
node_name: Taiwan Strait Financial Flashpoint
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.csis.org/analysis/scared-strait-understanding-economic-and-financial-impacts-taiwan-crisis


title: mas.gov.sg: Project nexus completes comprehensive blueprint for connecting domestic ipses globally
node_name: ASEAN Project Nexus Payment Mesh
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2024/project-nexus-completes-comprehensive-blueprint-for-connecting-domestic-ipses-globally


title: theasianbanker.com: Project nexus to transform global payments going live in 2026
node_name: ASEAN Project Nexus Payment Mesh
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.theasianbanker.com/updates-and-articles/project-nexus-to-transform-global-payments-going-live-in-2026


title: eastasiaforum.org: Empowering economic integration through aseans digital payment system
node_name: ASEAN Project Nexus Payment Mesh
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://eastasiaforum.org/2025/03/11/empowering-economic-integration-through-aseans-digital-payment-system/


node_name: Mutual Assured Financial Destruction
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.defenceconnect.com.au/geopolitics-and-policy/12765-mutually-assured-destruction-war-over-taiwan-would-decimate-both-economies

title:
defenceconnect.com.au: 12765 mutually assured destruction war over taiwan would decimate both economies


title: atlanticcouncil.org: Retaliation and resilience chinas economic statecraft in a taiwan crisis
node_name: Mutual Assured Financial Destruction
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/retaliation-and-resilience-chinas-economic-statecraft-in-a-taiwan-crisis/


title: Bloomberg: War over taiwan would be a financial disaster for us and china
node_name: Mutual Assured Financial Destruction
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023-09-10/war-over-taiwan-would-be-a-financial-disaster-for-us-and-china


title: coindesk.com: China inaugurates digital yuan operation centre to push cbdc integration report
node_name: e-CNY Domestic-International Chasm
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2025/09/26/china-inaugurates-digital-yuan-operation-centre-to-push-cbdc-integration-report


node_name: China Critical Minerals Export Control Ladder
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://rareearthexchanges.com/news/could-brics-split-over-critical-minerals-will-india-challenge-chinas-rare-earth-monopoly/

title:
rareearthexchanges.com: Could brics split over critical minerals will india challenge chinas rare earth monopoly


title: fdd.org: China pauses some rare earth export curbs while retaining levers of control
node_name: China Critical Minerals Export Control Ladder
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2025/11/12/china-pauses-some-rare-earth-export-curbs-while-retaining-levers-of-control/


node_name: Iran Dollar Exclusion Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.eurasiareview.com/11122025-irans-currency-reform-struggles-to-overcome-the-regimes-deadlock-analysis/

title:
eurasiareview.com: 11122025 irans currency reform struggles to overcome the regimes deadlock analysis


node_name: Iran Dollar Exclusion Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/when-money-collapses-so-does-consent-irans-currency-crisis-and-bazaar-behavior/

title:
blogs.timesofisrael.com: When money collapses so does consent irans currency crisis and bazaar behavior


node_name: BRICS Expansion Dilution Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/research/2025/03/brics-expansion-and-the-future-of-world-order-perspectives-from-member-states-partners-and-aspirants

title:
carnegieendowment.org: Brics expansion and the future of world order perspectives from member states partners and aspirants


title: cfr.org: The brics summit 2025 the challenge to find common ground
node_name: BRICS Expansion Dilution Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.cfr.org/councilofcouncils/global-memo/the-brics-summit-2025-the-challenge-to-find-common-ground/


node_name: Rey's Dilemma China Monetary Sovereignty Choice
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327337760_China_and_the_Impossible_Trinity_Economic_Transition_and_the_Internationalization_of_the_Renminbi

title:
researchgate.net: 327337760 China and the Impossible Trinity Economic Transition and the Internationalization of the Renminbi


node_name: BRICS Unit Pilot Token
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2025/07/07/de-dollarization-brics-leaders-propose-creating-an-alternative-payment-system-to-swift/

title:
brasildefato.com.br: De dollarization brics leaders propose creating an alternative payment system to swift


title: nationalgoldgroup.com: Brics summit 2025 the dedollarization movement that keeps growing
node_name: BRICS Unit Pilot Token
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.nationalgoldgroup.com/news-articles/brics-summit-2025-the-dedollarization-movement-that-keeps-growing/


node_name: India-Russia Vostro Account Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/russian-funds-in-indian-vostro-accounts-fall-to-3-5-bn-what-is-their-use-124090500338_1.html

title:
business-standard.com: Russian funds in indian vostro accounts fall to 3 5 bn what is their use 124090500338 1


title: haver.com: Archive economy are the gulf states about to abandon their dollar pegs
node_name: GCC Dollar Peg Anchor
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.haver.com/articles/archive-economy-are-the-gulf-states-about-to-abandon-their-dollar-pegs


node_name: BRICS Consensus Paralysis Mechanism
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2025/03/brics-expansion-and-the-future-of-world-order-perspectives-from-member-states-partners-and-aspirants

title:
carnegieendowment.org: Brics expansion and the future of world order perspectives from member states partners and aspirants


title: cnbc.com: Cnbcs inside india newsletter upis global push seems an economic strategy
node_name: UPI BRICS Diplomacy Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.cnbc.com/2025/10/16/cnbcs-inside-india-newsletter-upis-global-push-seems-an-economic-strategy.html


node_name: UPI BRICS Diplomacy Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/local-currency-global-dream-new-brics-economic-model-supported-by-indias-upi-diplomacy-specials-10251903

title:
thedailyjagran.com: Local currency global dream new brics economic model supported by indias upi diplomacy specials 10251903


node_name: Chip Sanctions Financial Decoupling Nexus
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2024/11/the-evolution-of-chinas-semiconductor-industry-under-u-s-export-controls/

title:
americanaffairsjournal.org: The evolution of chinas semiconductor industry under u s export controls


node_name: Bilateral Currency Surplus Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.business-standard.com/external-agency-news-defence-security/news/russian-funds-in-indian-vostro-accounts-fall-to-3-5-bn-what-is-their-use-124090500338_1.html

title:
business-standard.com: Russian funds in indian vostro accounts fall to 3 5 bn what is their use 124090500338 1


title: ccn.com: Dollar debasement fears brics gold backed unit currency explained
node_name: BRICS Unit Gold-Digital Settlement Token
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.ccn.com/education/crypto/dollar-debasement-fears-brics-gold-backed-unit-currency-explained/


title: bravenewcoin.com: India proposes linking brics digital currencies to ease cross border payments
node_name: BRICS Unit Gold-Digital Settlement Token
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://bravenewcoin.com/insights/india-proposes-linking-brics-digital-currencies-to-ease-cross-border-payments


title: greencentralbanking.com: Brics group highlights currency risk in climate finance strategy
node_name: NDB Local Currency Climate Finance Pivot
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://greencentralbanking.com/2025/07/18/brics-group-highlights-currency-risk-in-climate-finance-strategy/


node_name: NDB Local Currency Climate Finance Pivot
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.ainvest.com/news/brics-climate-ambitions-navigating-green-growth-and-geopolitical-crosscurrents-in-emerging-markets-2507101084f8029f7aca69b5/

title:
ainvest.com: Brics climate ambitions navigating green growth and geopolitical crosscurrents in emerging markets 2507101084f8029f7aca69b5


title: IMF: Helene rey global finance and dollar supremacy
node_name: Global Financial Cycle BRICS Monetary Trap
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2021/06/helene-rey-global-finance-and-dollar-supremacy.htm


title: theprint.in: 1557719
node_name: Russia-India Rupee Pile-up Failure
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://theprint.in/diplomacy/india-russia-trade-in-rupees-a-problem-need-to-convert-to-another-currency-says-lavrov-on-sco-sidelines/1557719/


node_name: India Multi-Alignment BRICS-Quad Balancing
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.chathamhouse.org/2025/07/back-back-brics-and-quad-meetings-highlight-indias-increasingly-difficult-balancing-act

title:
chathamhouse.org: Back back brics and quad meetings highlight indias increasingly difficult balancing act


title: Bloomberg: Saudi arabia is still assessing brics membership minister says
node_name: Saudi Arabia BRICS Suspension Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-01-20/saudi-arabia-is-still-assessing-brics-membership-minister-says


title: ecgi.global: Why argentina did not join brics and what does it mean to its corporate
node_name: Argentina Milei BRICS Rejection
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.ecgi.global/publications/blog/why-argentina-did-not-join-brics-and-what-does-it-mean-to-its-corporate


title: oxfordenergy.org: The shanghai oil futures contract and the oil demand shock
node_name: Dollar Commodity Benchmark Pricing Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-shanghai-oil-futures-contract-and-the-oil-demand-shock/


node_name: Dollar Commodity Benchmark Pricing Lock-In
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.geopolitika.it/en/futures-on-gas-and-commodities-at-the-shanghai-exchange-and-the-challenge-to-western-financial-power/

title:
geopolitika.it: Futures on gas and commodities at the shanghai exchange and the challenge to western financial power


title: currencytransfer.com: How is saudi arabia sustaining dollar dominance
node_name: Saudi Arabia BRICS Strategic Non-Commitment
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.currencytransfer.com/blog/expert-analysis/how-is-saudi-arabia-sustaining-dollar-dominance


title: dailyhodl.com: Saudi arabia eschews formal brics membership to avoid antagonizing the us report
node_name: Saudi Arabia BRICS Strategic Non-Commitment
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://dailyhodl.com/2025/05/10/saudi-arabia-eschews-formal-brics-membership-to-avoid-antagonizing-the-us-report/


node_name: Iran Maximum-Pressure Dollar-Bypass Ceiling
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/04/09/crypto-payments-to-pass-strait-of-hormuz-is-the-next-logical-step-for-iran-s-sanctions-skirting-trade-network

title:
coindesk.com: Crypto payments to pass strait of hormuz is the next logical step for iran s sanctions skirting trade network


title: ncr-iran.org: Irans regime sophisticated playbook to circumvent global sanctions
node_name: Iran Maximum-Pressure Dollar-Bypass Ceiling
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/terrorism-a-fundamentalism/irans-regime-sophisticated-playbook-to-circumvent-global-sanctions/


title: coindesk.com: U s treasury probes crypto exchanges over iran sanctions evasion trm labs says
node_name: Crypto Stablecoin Dollar Evasion Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2026/02/03/u-s-treasury-probes-crypto-exchanges-over-iran-sanctions-evasion-trm-labs-says


title: thedailyeconomy.org: Brics 2025 expansion de dollarization and the shift toward a multipolar world
node_name: BRICS+ Expansion Geopolitical Dilution
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://thedailyeconomy.org/article/brics-2025-expansion-de-dollarization-and-the-shift-toward-a-multipolar-world/


title: thenationalnews.com: Saudi arabia and uae officially join brics what will it mean for the bloc
node_name: BRICS+ Expansion Geopolitical Dilution
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/economy/2024/01/01/saudi-arabia-and-uae-officially-join-brics-what-will-it-mean-for-the-bloc/


title: piie.com: China gives state backed digital cash us and europe should take note
node_name: e-CNY Domestic Adoption Failure
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economics/2026/china-gives-state-backed-digital-cash-us-and-europe-should-take-note


title: cnbc.com: Interest bearing e cny shows previous effiorts didnt really work
node_name: e-CNY Domestic Adoption Failure
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.cnbc.com/video/2026/01/07/interest-bearing-e-cny-shows-previous-effiorts-didnt-really-work.html


node_name: BRICS+ Gulf Member Dollar-Peg Paradox
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.arabianbusiness.com/politics-economics/brics-uae-saudi-expansion-marks-biggest-challenge-to-the-us-dollar-in-the-21st-century

title:
arabianbusiness.com: Brics uae saudi expansion marks biggest challenge to the us dollar in the 21st century


title: moderndiplomacy.eu: Weaponization of dollar the growing trend towards de dollarization
node_name: Dollar Reserve Share Secular Decline
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2025/02/19/weaponization-of-dollar-the-growing-trend-towards-de-dollarization/


title: cambridge.org: 67A0051D4C763B1C76089ED957D9D979
node_name: Dollar Reserve Share Secular Decline
created_at: 2026-04-25 19:32:36
url:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/dollar-diminished-the-unmaking-of-us-financial-hegemony-under-trump/67A0051D4C763B1C76089ED957D9D979


